What Is the Total Percentage of Tax & Penalty Paid on Early IRA Withdrawals?

If you're married and filing jointly, your federal tax rate could be as low as 10 percent, if your taxable income is $17,400 or lower. As your income rises, so does your tax rate. For joint filers, incomes are taxed at 15 percent above $17,400, 25 percent above $70,700, 28 percent above $142,700, and 33 percent above $217,450. The highest tax bracket of 35 percent is reserved for joint filers with taxable incomes above $388,350. Since traditional IRA distributions are considered ordinary income, they are subject to federal tax. Only Roth IRA distributions are typically free from federal tax, although early distributions may still trigger a penalty.

If your state has an income tax -- and most do -- anything that is taxable income on your federal return will also cost you on your state return, including an early distribution from a traditional IRA. Rates can vary dramatically from state to state and typically rise along with your income, just as with federal tax brackets. As of 2012, the highest tax bracket was in Hawaii, at 11 percent. Nine states -- Washington, Nevada, New Hampshire, Alaska, Tennessee, Texas, South Dakota, Florida and Wyoming -- do not have state income tax.

The Internal Revenue Service discourages IRA withdrawals before age 59 1/2, or "retirement age." The penalty for early distributions is 10 percent, on top of any taxes. There are limited exceptions to the penalty, such as withdrawals for higher education expenses, first-time home purchases and some medical costs.

In terms of the cost of your early IRA withdrawal, the worst case scenario is if you are in the highest federal tax bracket, live in a high-tax state and have no exceptions to the early distribution penalty. In that case, your total cost could run as high as 56 percent, using 2012 rates. If you're in the lowest federal bracket, have no state income tax and qualify for a penalty exception, the cost could be as low as 10 percent of your withdrawal. Most middle-class taxpayers can expect to pay from about 30 to 40 percent for an early IRA distribution.